Chain · blocks, transactions, state, nodes, forks, finality, and how consensus actually agrees
Cryptography · hashes, keys, signatures, derivation, proofs — the primitives a chain is built out of
Zero-Knowledge · definitions, sigma protocols, Fiat-Shamir, arithmetization, commitment schemes and the proving systems built from them
Bitcoin · the UTXO model, script, fees, mining, halving, SegWit and Taproot, Lightning
Ethereum · the EVM, accounts, gas and the fee market, execution vs consensus layer, logs and RPC
Monero · privacy as a protocol property — ring signatures, stealth addresses, RingCT, and the limits of each
Zcash · notes, commitments, nullifiers, value commitments, viewing keys, Sinsemilla and the Orchard action
Privacy · anonymity sets, confidential transactions, mixing, metadata leakage, chain analysis and the misconceptions worth naming
Smart contracts · Solidity, the ABI, storage layout, proxies and delegatecall, access control
Contract security · reentrancy, oracle and price manipulation, proxy and upgrade flaws, invariants
DeFi · AMMs and the constant product, liquidity and impermanent loss, lending, collateral, liquidation
Stablecoins · the three backing models, the peg and what holds it, minting and redemption, depegs
Tokenomics · the token standards, supply and its definitions, emissions, vesting, FDV vs market cap
Wallets & custody · custodial vs not, hot vs cold, seed phrases and derivation, multisig, key handling
Infrastructure · RPC, node types, indexing and explorers, clients, oracles, data availability
Layer 2 · rollups and the two proof systems, sequencers, batches, bridges, the modular split
MEV · transaction ordering, searchers, builders and relays, priority fees, blockspace as a market
Finance · the conventional vocabulary crypto borrowed — rates, leverage, order books, derivatives, risk
Everything · mixed endless decks across all twenty-three modules + fill-in-the-blank